Electron Configurations

On Friday in class, we found out that Mr. Lieberman is moving to Florida to run his own hotel.
Also, we found out that he needs to fill up every room on each floor before he can begin to fill the rooms on the next floor, much like how you need to fill the S orbitals before the P orbitals, and so on.

S orbitals can fit 2 electrons, much like the Suites per floor in Liebs' hotel can fit 2 people.
P orbitals can fit 6 electrons, much like the Pretty rooms per floor in Liebs' hotel can fit 6 people.
D orbitals can fit 10 electrons, much like the Dungeon rooms per floor in Liebs' hotel can fit 10 people.
F orbitals can fit 14 electrons, much like the F (unknown meaning) rooms per floor in Liebs' hotel can fit 14 people.

Electrons can be configured using the periodic table.
Hydrogen and Helium compose the 1s energy level, then the 2s-7s orbitals are composed of the elements in columns 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table so...

2s = Li and Be

3s = Na and Mg

4s = K and Ca

And so on...

P orbitals start at an energy level of 2, so instead of P orbitals starting with 1p, the P orbitals start with 2p.
P orbitals include columns 13-18 of the periodic table (not including Helium) so...
2p = B, C, N, O, F, and Ne
3p = Al, Si, P, S, Cl, and Ar
4p = Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, and Kr
And so on...

D orbitals start at an energy level of  3, so instead of D orbitals starting with 1d (not One Direction), the D orbitals start with 3d.
The D orbitals include rows 3-12 so...
3d = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn
4d = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, and Cd
5d = La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, and Hg
6d = Ac, Rf, Db, Sg, Bh, Hs, Mt, Ds, Uuu, and Uub

F orbitals consist of the Lanthanide Series and the Actinide Series, or the two rows that were moved aside to allow the Periodic Table to fit on a piece of paper. F orbitals start at an energy level of 4, so instead of F orbitals starting with 1f, the F orbitals start with 4f. So...
4f = Ce, Pr. Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Tb, and Lu
5f = Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, and Lr

Those are the energy levels, now we need to configure the electrons. When writing out the electron configuration of an element, you need to go row by row and go in order as orbitals are added on.
An example helps explain this concept.

When writing the Electron Configuration for Bismuth, or Bi, you need to go in order of the orbitals. So...

1s^2 because the entire S orbital is filled with 2 electrons.
2s^2 2p^6 because the entire S and P of row two are full of electrons.
3s^2 3p^6 beause the entire S and P orbitals are full of electrons.
4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 because the entire S, D, and P orbitals are full of electrons. D comes before P because the D block (group of columns) comes before the P block when reading left to right.
5s^2 4d^10 5p^6
6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^3 because the entire S, D, and F orbitals are full of electrons. The f comes before the d because the f block comes before the d block in the 6th row of the Periodic Table. 6p^3 because Bismuth is the 3rd element in that energy level of the p block with Thallium (Th) and Lead (Pb) coming before it.

The final Electron Configuration for Bismuth (Bi) is:
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^3

The number of electrons for the element can be determined by counting the exponents of the Electron Configuration if the element is an ion, or by looking at the Atomic Number of the element if it it neutral.

Hope this helps!
Homework: Electron Configurations packet, the first four pages.

The next SCRIBE will be GEORGIA K.